{"id":1515,"date":"2024-06-20T11:43:29","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T11:43:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ai4debunk.eu\/?p=1515"},"modified":"2024-06-20T13:01:54","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T13:01:54","slug":"disinformation-in-the-digital-era","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ai4debunk.eu\/ga\/disinformation-in-the-digital-era\/","title":{"rendered":"Br\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is sa R\u00e9 Dhigiteach"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ranga\u00edonn eagra\u00edochta\u00ed idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta an bhr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is mar cheann de na pr\u00edomhbhagairt\u00ed ar an daonlathas le breis agus deich mbliana anuas. D\u00e9anann teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed digiteacha st\u00edleanna maireacht\u00e1la nua-aimseartha, timpeallachta\u00ed saor\u00e1nach agus timpeallachta\u00ed gn\u00f3 a athchruth\u00fa agus a athch\u00f3iri\u00fa go m\u00f3r. T\u00e1 cur isteach nua \u00e1 dh\u00e9anamh ag IS ar an mbealach a bhfaighimid rochtain ar eolas agus ar an mbealach a nd\u00e9anaimid faisn\u00e9is a chruth\u00fa, a scaipeadh agus a thuiscint, tr\u00ed na l\u00ednte idir f\u00edorfhaisn\u00e9is agus faisn\u00e9is ionramh\u00e1ilte a dhoil\u00e9iri\u00fa.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tionchar na r\u00e9abhl\u00f3ide digit\u00ed ar an tsocha\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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T\u00e1 r\u00e9 \u00f3rga na r\u00e9abhl\u00f3ide digit\u00ed \u00e1 baint amach aici, i gcomhr\u00e9ir le claochluithe a rinneadh roimhe seo a tharla laistigh de n\u00edos l\u00fa n\u00e1 deich mbliana. Faoi 2024, meastar go sroichfidh l\u00edon na n-\u00fain\u00e9ir\u00ed f\u00f3n p\u00f3ca ar fud an domhain 7,21 billi\u00fan. Thart ar 67% de dhaonra an domhain a bhfuil rochtain acu ar an Idirl\u00edon faoi l\u00e1thair \u2013 n\u00ed raibh ann ach 1% 1995. Th\u00e1inig athruithe isteach go tapa cos\u00fail le s\u00fan\u00e1ma\u00ed, gan an deis a bheith ag daoine c\u00e9im siar n\u00f3 smaoineamh orthu, n\u00ed do na p\u00e1irtithe leasmhara uile scileanna, c\u00farsa\u00ed oideachais a oiri\u00fan\u00fa n\u00e1 earn\u00e1lacha eacnama\u00edocha iomad\u00fala a thiont\u00fa. Chruthaigh na treochta\u00ed sin d\u00f3chas dochreidte i measc cinnteoir\u00ed na hEorpa (digiti\u00fa a dh\u00e9anamh ar an Aontas, ar an margadh aonair digiteach, ar fhiontraithe gn\u00f3 tapa, etc.). Mar sin f\u00e9in, l\u00e9ir\u00edodh \u00e9 sin le doirbh\u00edochas folaigh i measc na ndaoine nach raibh in ann breith suas (infheisteoir\u00ed traidisi\u00fanta, daoine scothaosta, fostaithe iomarcacha in earn\u00e1lacha uathoibrithe, agus daoine a bhfuil litearthacht \u00edseal scileanna TF acu).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1 na bunt\u00e1ist\u00ed do thomhalt\u00f3ir\u00ed agus d\u2019infheisteoir\u00ed gn\u00f3 a bhaineann leis an suaitheadh digiteach ollmh\u00f3r: is f\u00e9idir rochtain dh\u00edreach a fh\u00e1il ar fhaisn\u00e9is, eolas agus sonra\u00ed ar fud an domhain. T\u00e1 eolas at\u00e1 \u00e9asca le d\u00edle\u00e1 inrochtana beagnach \u00e1it ar bith tr\u00ed na me\u00e1in sh\u00f3isialta, innill chuardaigh idirl\u00edn, feidhmchl\u00e1ir roghnacha ach oideachas ar l\u00edne freisin. N\u00edl aon teorainn leis an nascacht: Le hard\u00e1in chomhoibr\u00edocha, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear na me\u00e1in sh\u00f3isialta, cumasa\u00edodh nasc d\u00edreach i measc daoine, ach freisin idir fiontraithe gn\u00f3 ionchasacha agus tomhalt\u00f3ir\u00ed. \u00c9asca\u00edtear l\u00f3ist\u00edocht go m\u00f3r leis an bhf\u00e9idearthacht sol\u00e1thairt\u00ed a ord\u00fa, bogadh n\u00edos tap\u00fala n\u00f3 n\u00edos saoire, GPS, geolog\u00e1n\u00fa agus naisc mheandracha a \u00fas\u00e1id. Agus ar deireadh, cuireann teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed digiteacha a bhfuil cumhacht\u00fa IS acu acmhainneacht ollmh\u00f3r ar f\u00e1il chun teacht ar r\u00e9itigh thaighde ar fhorbairt\u00ed sl\u00e1inte, aer\u00e1ide agus bonneagair, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear do th\u00edortha nach bhfuil chomh forbartha sin iad a ghlacadh.<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u00e1gann s\u00e9 sin go bhfuilimid th\u00edos leis agus go bhfuilimid ina mbloic, murab ionann agus bagairt\u00ed r\u00e9abhl\u00f3id dhigiteach seo na hintleachta saorga. Go deimhin, t\u00e1 na c\u00f3rais a d\u2019fhorbair an intleacht shaorga \u2018ag m\u00e9ad\u00fa deiseanna chun \u00e1bhar br\u00e9ige r\u00e9ala\u00edoch a ghintear leis an intleacht shaorga a chruth\u00fa, ach freisin (\u2026) ag \u00e9asc\u00fa scaipeadh na br\u00e9agaisn\u00e9ise ar (mhicrea)phobal spriocdh\u00edrithe agus ar sc\u00e1la ag p\u00e1irtithe leasmhara mail\u00edseacha\u2019 (Bontridder agus Poullet 2021). Arda\u00edodh \u00e1bhair imn\u00ed maidir le c\u00f3ipchearta, algartaim chlaonta, samhlacha gn\u00f3 ina n-\u00fas\u00e1idtear sonra\u00ed ollmh\u00f3ra chun dallamull\u00f3g a chur ar dhaoine aonair agus chun an teicneola\u00edocht a chur in ionad post\/fosta\u00edochta in go leor earn\u00e1lacha IS. Le teicneola\u00edochta\u00ed intleachta saorga, \u00e9asc\u00f3far freisin \u00fas\u00e1id f\u00edse, t\u00e9acs agus \u00edomh\u00e1, ginfear \u00e1bhar bunaithe ar fhaisn\u00e9is bhr\u00e9agach, agus cruth\u00f3far deacrachta\u00ed do dhaoine aonair agus do na me\u00e1in muin\u00edn a bheith acu as an bhfaisn\u00e9is (Newman 2024).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Creidmheasanna \u00edomh\u00e1: Canva Pro<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Freagairt an Aontais: rialach\u00e1in, cibearshl\u00e1nd\u00e1il agus seice\u00e1il f\u00edric\u00ed <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Murab ionann agus an fol\u00fas a crutha\u00edodh leis an easpa rialach\u00e1n i dt\u00edortha daonlathacha eile, t\u00e1 beartais agus tionscnaimh \u00e1 bhforbairt go gn\u00edomhach ag an Aontas Eorpach (AE), agus Ballst\u00e1it an Aontais ina dhiaidh sin, chun dul i ngleic leis an mbr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is, go h\u00e1irithe i gcomhth\u00e9acs pr\u00f3isis dhaonlathacha a chosaint, saor\u00e1naigh a chosaint, agus litearthacht sna me\u00e1in a chur chun cinn. L\u00e9ir\u00edonn na beartais agus na tionscnaimh sin tiomantas an Aontais aghaidh a thabhairt ar dh\u00fashl\u00e1n ilghn\u00e9itheach na br\u00e9agaisn\u00e9ise agus luachanna daonlathacha a chosaint sa r\u00e9 dhigiteach. Nearta\u00edtear na tionscnaimh sin tr\u00ed rialach\u00e1n maidir leis an mbr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is a fhormheas i bhformh\u00f3r Bhallst\u00e1it an Aontais, agus tr\u00ed chomhar n\u00edos dl\u00faithe idir Ballst\u00e1it an Aontais sa chibearshl\u00e1nd\u00e1il agus tr\u00ed chomhar comhph\u00e1irteach chun an bhr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is a chomhrac. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ar deireadh, breathna\u00edmid ar an gcaibidl\u00edocht lean\u00fanach idir institi\u00faid\u00ed an Aontais agus na pr\u00edomhard\u00e1in idirl\u00edn chun an bealach is fearr a aimsi\u00fa chun dul i ngleic leis an mbr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is. N\u00edl ceist na rial\u00e1la i gcoinne na huathrial\u00e1la thart go f\u00f3ill agus beidh g\u00e1 le forbairt\u00ed breise sna blianta amach romhainn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ach n\u00ed l\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00e9 sin ach cuid de na hiarrachta\u00ed chun saor\u00e1naigh a chosaint ar an mbr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is. T\u00e1 iarrachta\u00ed infheistithe ag an Aontas agus ag na Ballst\u00e1it freisin chun gn\u00edomhaireachta\u00ed cibearshl\u00e1nd\u00e1la a chruth\u00fa chun feachtais bhr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9ise ollmh\u00f3ra a bhr\u00e9agn\u00fa, agus seice\u00e1laithe f\u00edric\u00ed do na me\u00e1in (amhail EDMO, an Fhaireachlann Eorpach um na Me\u00e1in Dhigiteacha). D\u2019ainneoin na harsanachta uirlis\u00ed sin, is f\u00edorbhagairt f\u00f3s \u00ed an bhr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1 l\u00ednte doil\u00e9ire idir \u2018bun\u00fa\u2019 na br\u00e9agaisn\u00e9ise a dh\u00e9anann gn\u00edomhaithe pr\u00edobh\u00e1ideacha agus na gn\u00edomhaireachta\u00ed sl\u00e1nd\u00e1la n\u00e1isi\u00fanta. C\u00e9 go moltar do shaor\u00e1naigh f\u00e9achaint ar fh\u00edse\u00e1in maidir le conas m\u00edfhaisn\u00e9is a aithint agus \u00fas\u00e1id a bhaint as seice\u00e1laithe f\u00edric\u00ed, t\u00e1 feachtais bhr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9ise ionramh\u00e1la f\u00f3s \u00e1 nochtadh ag gn\u00edomhaireachta\u00ed sl\u00e1nd\u00e1la n\u00e1isi\u00fanta agus ag na me\u00e1in. Buna\u00edodh gn\u00edomhaireacht Viginum na Fraince, mar shampla, in 2021 chun trasna\u00edocht dhigiteach \u00f3 eintitis eachtracha a bhrath. Nocht an ghn\u00edomhaireacht i m\u00ed Feabhra 2024 n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 193 shu\u00edomh gr\u00e9as\u00e1in a scaip br\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is a d\u00edr\u00edodh tr\u00ed shu\u00edomhanna me\u00e1n s\u00f3isialta agus aipeanna teachtaireachta\u00ed. Dealra\u00edonn s\u00e9, fi\u00fa i gc\u00e1s gn\u00edomhaireachta\u00ed sl\u00e1nd\u00e1la, nach mb\u00edonn s\u00e9 \u00e9asca i gc\u00f3na\u00ed bun\u00fas an fheachtais a thr\u00e9ithri\u00fa, go h\u00e1irithe nuair is g\u00e1 an bhr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is n\u00f3 an mh\u00edfhaisn\u00e9is a rian\u00fa siar chuig rialtais eachtracha, chuig gn\u00edomhaithe mail\u00edseacha n\u00f3 chuig daoine simpl\u00ed at\u00e1 ag gn\u00edomh\u00fa mar shuaiteoir\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ina theannta sin, t\u00e1 coga\u00edocht hibrideach, nach bhfuil sa bhr\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is ach uirlis di, ag nascadh cibirionsaithe le br\u00e9agaisn\u00e9is ollmh\u00f3r, rud a chrutha\u00edonn riosca\u00ed do thionchar mail\u00edseach i leith na me\u00e1n, na rialtas, an bhonneagair phoibl\u00ed, agus na socha\u00ed sibhialta agus na n-earn\u00e1lacha acad\u00fala freisin. Agus is \u00e9 seo an \u00e1it a lu\u00edonn an bhagairt f\u00edor.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Creidmheasanna \u00edomh\u00e1: Canva Pro<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bagairt\u00ed agus d\u00fashl\u00e1in amach anseo<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Is \u00e9 bagairt agus baol na br\u00e9agaisn\u00e9ise go n-\u00fas\u00e1ideann s\u00ed polar\u00fa, moth\u00fach\u00e1in agus steir\u00e9it\u00edopa\u00ed. Braitheann na gn\u00e9ithe a bhaineann le \u2018br\u00e9agnuacht\u2019 a bheith v\u00edreasach ar a n-idirghn\u00edomha\u00edocht le roinnt \u00e1bhar deighilteach at\u00e1 tarraingteach d\u2019fhiosracht n\u00f3 do mhoth\u00fach\u00e1in shonracha i socha\u00ed. <\/span>Is f\u00e9idir d\u00edri\u00fa pearsantaithe, bunaithe ar shaintr\u00e9ithe pearsanta n\u00f3 s\u00edceola\u00edocha, a chomhcheangal le huirlis\u00ed Gini\u00faint Teanga N\u00e1d\u00fartha chun \u00e1bhar a chruth\u00fa d'\u00fas\u00e1ideoir\u00ed uath\u00fala, rud a d'fh\u00e9adfadh ionramh\u00e1il ghn\u00edomhach a bheith mar thoradh air.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ina theannta sin, d\u2019fh\u00e9adfadh tionchar di\u00faltach a bheith ag scaipeadh ionsaitheach uathoibrithe na br\u00e9agaisn\u00e9ise d\u00edreach roimh th\u00fas feachtais pholaiti\u00fail ar thortha\u00ed toghch\u00e1in (Wade 2018). \u2018Ag brath ar bhaili\u00fa agus ionramh\u00e1il sonra\u00ed \u00fas\u00e1ideoir\u00ed chun tuairim\u00ed polaiti\u00fala agus tortha\u00ed toghch\u00e1in v\u00f3t\u00e1laithe a r\u00e9amh-mheas agus tionchar a imirt orthu, d\u2019fh\u00e9adfadh pr\u00f3if\u00edli\u00fa \u00fas\u00e1ideoir\u00ed agus micrea-spriocdh\u00edri\u00fa a bheith ina mbagairt don daonlathas, don d\u00edosp\u00f3ireacht phoibl\u00ed agus do roghanna v\u00f3t\u00e1laithe\u2019 (Kertysova 2018, Mont\u2019Alverne et al. 2024). T\u00e1 an pointe sin thar a bheith t\u00e1bhachtach \u00f3s rud \u00e9 go mbeidh an bhliain seo 2024 ina bliain toghch\u00e1in do leath de dhaonra an domhain, agus go bhfuil amhras ann faoi l\u00e1thair go bhfuil cur isteach ann ach nach bhfuil s\u00e9 le feice\u00e1il, \u00f3s rud \u00e9 go bhfuil s\u00e9 deacair fianaise a fh\u00e1il.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1 an r\u00e9abhl\u00f3id dhigiteach, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear an intleacht shaorga, ag m\u00fanl\u00fa todhcha\u00ed at\u00e1 l\u00edonta le h\u00e9iginnteachta\u00ed, rud a \u00e9il\u00edonn inni\u00falachta\u00ed nua amhail r\u00edomhbhainist\u00edocht agus scileanna TF. <\/span>C\u00e9 go gcuireann an teicneola\u00edocht deiseanna nua ar f\u00e1il agus go bhf\u00e9adfadh claochluithe dearfacha a bheith mar thoradh uirthi in earn\u00e1lacha \u00e9ags\u00fala amhail an tsl\u00e1inte, an geilleagar n\u00f3 cumhacht\u00fa na socha\u00ed sibhialta, cuireann s\u00ed freisin le creimeadh \u00fadar\u00e1is agus luachanna, a gcuirtear rochtain gan deireadh ar fhaisn\u00e9is agus ar nascacht ina n-ionad, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear \u00e1bhar br\u00e9ige agus c\u00fabl\u00e1ilte.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u2019fh\u00e9adfadh s\u00e9 go mbeadh g\u00e1 le teorainneacha freisin chun cosc a chur ar algartaim n\u00f3 r\u00f3b\u00f3nna \u00e1r st\u00edleanna maireacht\u00e1la a dheacht\u00fa agus chun sp\u00e1s a chruth\u00fa chun toghch\u00e1in a ionramh\u00e1il. Le \u2018balla d\u00f3ite\u00e1in m\u00f3r\u2019, ba cheart an Eoraip a chosaint ar chibear-chur isteach agus ar \u00e1bhar c\u00fabl\u00e1ilte. <\/span>Beidh s\u00e9 ina dh\u00fashl\u00e1n cobhsa\u00edocht agus muin\u00edn a choinne\u00e1il in institi\u00faid\u00ed, i gc\u00f3rais dhaonlathacha, sna me\u00e1in agus i strucht\u00fair eacnama\u00edocha sa t\u00edrdhreach seo at\u00e1 ag athr\u00fa go tapa. Ba cheart an chibearshl\u00e1nd\u00e1il agus an comhrac i gcoinne na br\u00e9agaisn\u00e9ise a bheith ar na tosa\u00edochta\u00ed is m\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tagairt\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n